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- LESSKEY(1) USER COMMANDS LESSKEY(1)
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- NAME
- lesskey - specify key bindings for less
-
- SYNOPSIS
- lesskey [-o output] [input]
- lesskey -V
-
- DESCRIPTION
- _L_e_s_s_k_e_y is used to specify a set of key bindings to be used
- by _l_e_s_s. The input file is a text file which describes the
- key bindings, If the input file is "-", standard input is
- read. If no input file is specified, a standard filename is
- used as the name of the input file, which depends on the
- system being used: On Unix systems, $HOME/.lesskey is used;
- on MS-DOS systems, $HOME/_lesskey is used; and on OS/2 sys-
- tems $HOME/lesskey.ini is used, or $INIT/lesskey.ini if
- $HOME is undefined. The output file is a binary file which
- is used by _l_e_s_s. If no output file is specified, and the
- environment variable LESSKEY is set, the value of LESSKEY is
- used as the name of the output file. Otherwise, a standard
- filename is used as the name of the output file, which
- depends on the system being used: On Unix and OS-9 systems,
- $HOME/.less is used; on MS-DOS systems, $HOME/_less is used;
- and on OS/2 systems, $HOME/less.ini is used, or
- $INIT/less.ini if $HOME is undefined. If the output file
- already exists, _l_e_s_s_k_e_y will overwrite it.
-
- The -V option causes _l_e_s_s_k_e_y to print its version number and
- immediately exit. If -V is present, other options and argu-
- ments are ignored.
-
- The input file consists of one or more _s_e_c_t_i_o_n_s. Each sec-
- tion starts with a line that identifies the type of section.
- Possible sections are:
-
- #command
- Defines new command keys.
-
- #line-edit
- Defines new line-editing keys.
-
- #env Defines environment variables.
-
- Blank lines and lines which start with a pound sign (#) are
- ignored, except for the special section header lines.
-
-
- COMMAND SECTION
- The command section begins with the line
-
- #command
-
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- Last change: Version 332: 22 Apr 97 1
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- LESSKEY(1) USER COMMANDS LESSKEY(1)
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- If the command section is the first section in the file,
- this line may be omitted. The command section consists of
- lines of the form:
-
- _s_t_r_i_n_g <whitespace> _a_c_t_i_o_n [extra-string] <newline>
-
- Whitespace is any sequence of one or more spaces and/or
- tabs. The _s_t_r_i_n_g is the command key(s) which invoke the
- action. The _s_t_r_i_n_g may be a single command key, or a
- sequence of up to 15 keys. The _a_c_t_i_o_n is the name of the
- less action, from the list below. The characters in the
- _s_t_r_i_n_g may appear literally, or be prefixed by a caret to
- indicate a control key. A backslash followed by one to
- three octal digits may be used to specify a character by its
- octal value. A backslash followed by b, e, n, r or t speci-
- fies BACKSPACE, ESCAPE, NEWLINE, RETURN or TAB, respec-
- tively. A backslash followed by any other character indi-
- cates that character is to be taken literally. Characters
- which must be preceded by backslash include caret, space,
- tab and the backslash itself.
-
- An action may be followed by an "extra" string. When such a
- command is entered while running _l_e_s_s, the action is per-
- formed, and then the extra string is parsed, just as if it
- were typed in to _l_e_s_s. This feature can be used in certain
- cases to extend the functionality of a command. For exam-
- ple, see the "{" and ":t" commands in the example below.
- The extra string has a special meaning for the "quit"
- action: when _l_e_s_s quits, first character of the extra string
- is used as its exit status.
-
-
- EXAMPLE
- The following input file describes the set of default com-
- mand keys used by less:
-
- #command
- \r forw-line
- \n forw-line
- e forw-line
- j forw-line
- ^E forw-line
- ^N forw-line
- k back-line
- y back-line
- ^Y back-line
- ^K back-line
- ^P back-line
- J forw-line-force
- K back-line-force
- Y back-line-force
- d forw-scroll
-
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- Last change: Version 332: 22 Apr 97 2
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- LESSKEY(1) USER COMMANDS LESSKEY(1)
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- ^D forw-scroll
- u back-scroll
- ^U back-scroll
- \40 forw-screen
- f forw-screen
- ^F forw-screen
- ^V forw-screen
- b back-screen
- ^B back-screen
- \ev back-screen
- \e\40 forw-screen-force
- z forw-window
- w back-window
- F forw-forever
- \e[ left-scroll
- \e] right-scroll
- R repaint-flush
- r repaint
- ^R repaint
- ^L repaint
- g goto-line
- < goto-line
- \e< goto-line
- p percent
- % percent
- { forw-bracket {}
- } back-bracket {}
- ( forw-bracket ()
- ) back-bracket ()
- [ forw-bracket []
- ] back-bracket []
- \e^F forw-bracket
- \e^B back-bracket
- G goto-end
- \e> goto-end
- > goto-end
- = status
- ^G status
- :f status
- / forw-search
- ? back-search
- \e/ forw-search *
- \e? back-search *
- n repeat-search
- \en repeat-search-all
- N reverse-search
- \eN reverse-search-all
- \eu undo-hilite
- m set-mark
- ' goto-mark
- ^X^X goto-mark
- E examine
-
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- Last change: Version 332: 22 Apr 97 3
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- LESSKEY(1) USER COMMANDS LESSKEY(1)
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-
-
- :e examine
- ^X^V examine
- :n next-file
- :p prev-file
- :x index-file
- - toggle-option
- :t toggle-option t
- s toggle-option o
- _ display-option
- | pipe
- v visual
- ! shell
- + firstcmd
- H help
- h help
- V version
- q quit
- :q quit
- :Q quit
- ZZ quit
-
-
- PRECEDENCE
- Commands specified by _l_e_s_s_k_e_y take precedence over the
- default commands. A default command key may be disabled by
- including it in the input file with the action "invalid".
- Alternatively, a key may be defined to do nothing by using
- the action "noaction". "noaction" is similar to "invalid",
- but _l_e_s_s will give an error beep for an "invalid" command,
- but not for a "noaction" command. In addition, ALL default
- commands may be disabled by adding this control line to the
- input file:
-
- #stop
-
- This will cause all default commands to be ignored. The
- #stop line should be the last line in that section of the
- file.
-
- Be aware that #stop can be dangerous. Since all default com-
- mands are disabled, you must provide sufficient commands
- before the #stop line to enable all necessary actions. For
- example, failure to provide a "quit" command can lead to
- frustration.
-
-
- LINE EDITING SECTION
- The line-editing section begins with the line:
-
- #line-edit
-
- This section specifies new key bindings for the line editing
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- Last change: Version 332: 22 Apr 97 4
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- LESSKEY(1) USER COMMANDS LESSKEY(1)
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-
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- commands, in a manner similar to the way key bindings for
- ordinary commands are specified in the #command section.
- The line-editing section consists of a list of keys and
- actions, one per line as in the example below.
-
-
- EXAMPLE
- The following input file describes the set of default line-
- editing keys used by less:
-
- #line-edit
- \t forw-complete
- \17 back-complete
- \e\t back-complete
- \14 expand
- ^V literal
- ^A literal
- \el right
- \eh left
- \eb word-left
- \ew word-right
- \ei insert
- \ex delete
- \e\b word-backspace
- \e0 home
- \e$ end
- \ek up
- \ej down
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-
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- LESS ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
- The environment variable section begins with the line
-
- #env
-
- Following this line is a list of environment variable
- assignments. Each line consists of an environment variable
- name, an equals sign (=) and the value to be assigned to the
- environment variable. White space before and after the
- equals sign is ignored. Variables assigned in this way are
- visible only to _l_e_s_s. If a variable is specified in the sys-
- tem environment and also in a lesskey file, the value in the
- lesskey file takes precedence. Although the lesskey file
- can be used to override variables set in the environment,
- the main purpose of assigning variables in the lesskey file
- is simply to have all _l_e_s_s configuration information stored
- in one file.
-
-
- EXAMPLE
- The following input file sets the -i option whenever _l_e_s_s is
-
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- Last change: Version 332: 22 Apr 97 5
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- LESSKEY(1) USER COMMANDS LESSKEY(1)
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- run, and specifies the character set to be "latin1":
-
- #env
- LESS = -i
- LESSCHARSET = latin1
-
-
-
- SEE ALSO
- less(1)
-
-
- WARNINGS
- It is not possible to specify special keys, such as uparrow,
- in a keyboard-independent manner. The only way to specify
- such keys is to specify the escape sequence which a particu-
- lar keyboard sends when such a keys is pressed.
-
- On MS-DOS and OS/2 systems, certain keys send a sequence of
- characters which start with a NUL character (0). This NUL
- character should be represented as \340 in a lesskey file.
-
-
- COPYRIGHT
- Copyright (c) 1984,1985,1989,1994,1995 Mark Nudelman
- Comments to: markn@fog.net
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- Last change: Version 332: 22 Apr 97 6
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